中国学生The Most Common Habits

参考这里

Chinese-English colloquial habits
colloquial [kəˈləʊkwiəl] 口语的，非正式的
nuances  细微差别
article 冠词 （Also called determiners or noun markers）
A and an are indefinite articles (不定冠词); the is a definite article (定冠词).
semicolon 分号
backlash n. 反击; 后坐; 激烈反应
demote [ˌdi:ˈməʊt] vt. 使降级，使降职
asbestos [æsˈbestəs] 石棉
indent 缩进

1   a/an/the

Specific noun：A noun understood to be exactly and specifically referred to; uses the definite article the.

Nonspecific noun：A noun that refers to any of a number of identical items; it takes the indefinite articles a , an.

eg：
xx shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of the main and splitter blades.
xx is chosen to be the 3D modeling tool.
A systematical study of the number and distribution of vortices is conducted.

2. Very long sentences

One can usually recognize a very long sentence by its length – sixty words or more. However, sentences of smaller lengths can also be too long if they contain multiple statements that confuse the main idea. Long sentences can be avoided by limiting each sentence to one or two topics. Semicolons should be used where the writer really wants to emphasize the relationship between ideas.

eg: The existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used; the initial value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.

3. Prefacing the main idea of a sentence by stating the purpose, location or reason first

Incorrect: For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing.

Correct: This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors.

Incorrect: Inside the test box, the space was filled with asbestos.

Correct: The space inside the test box was filled with asbestos.

4. Tendency of placing phrases which indicate time at the beginning of a sentence

Incorrect: When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for ∆=0.0, 0.001, 0.005 are shown in Fig. 8.

Correct: Figure 8 shows the BDs for ∆=0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as the control parameter.

5. Place the most important subject at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis

Incorrect: The 3D dentition defect and restoration element models are designed precisely with complicated surfaces.

Correct: The 3D dentition defect and restoration element models with complicated
surfaces are designed precisely.

6. which
The antecedent (noun or pronoun) to which which refers is not specific, causing confusion. 其所指的前因（名词或代词）并不具体，造成了混淆。

Incorrect: The Shijiazhuang south road underground bridge possesses the largest jacking force, which is built at 1978(10680t).

Correct: Shijiazhuang south road underground bridge possesses the largest jacking force which is built at 1978(10680t).

7. Respectively
Respectively is usually at the end of the sentence. Mentioning the order must be important to the meaning of the sentence otherwise it is not used.

8. In this paper, in this study

Two errors occur when these phrases are used. The first is overuse. In some papers written by Chinese, these phrases can occur as much as twice per page. In papers written by native English writers these phrases are reserved for primarily two uses
(1) In the introduction and conclusion to emphasize the content of the paper.
(2) In the body of the paper, after referring.

Awkward In this paper, IDEAS was used to ….
Correct In this study, IDEAS was used to….

The ‘study’ is the work the author/s did. The paper is the mode to present this work and is what the reader is holding/ reading. Keep in mind the writer can also use other phrases such as ‘in this research’, and ‘this paper present’.

9. Numbers and Equations 

Two very common errors are those concerning the presentation of Arabic numerals, and equations. Chinese writers usually write Arabic numerals instead of spelling out the word. The use of Arabic numerals, itself, is not an error however; they should never be used at the beginning of sentences.

Incorrect: Incorrect 12 parameters were selected for the experiment.

Correct: Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.

If the power battery SOC > SOCl 也是不对的写法，应该改为power battery SOC is greater than SOCl。

10. Format：All English paragraphs start on a new line with an indent of about one inch or with an extra line between the two paragraphs. The latter is more typical for business writing.

11. Figure and Table

You should not switch between, Figure, figure, Fig, or fig. In addition, abbreviations are not used at the beginning of sentences and a space belongs between the word/ abbreviation and the number.

Incorrect: Figure.6, Figure6, Fig.6, Tbl10

Correct: Figure 6, Fig. 6, Tbl. 10

12. Variables

Variables, especially those of the English alphabet, should be italicized in technical papers to distinguish them from English words. Of course, this depends on the style required by the journal.

13. such as and etc.

Such as means that an incomplete list will be given and should not be used when a complete list is given. etc. means ‘and so on’ and is used at the end of a list to show it is not complete. Therefore, using such as and etc. together is redundant.

Incorrect: Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors, printers, and etc.

Correct: Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors, and printers.

Incorrect: Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics such as high complexity, high precision and high automation.

Correct: Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics: high complexity, high precision and high automation.

14. Some words have identical singular and plural forms and do not need an s added on to make them plural. These words include:

• literature (when referring to research，references是复数)
• equipment
• staff (referring to a group of people)
• faculty

15. Avoid redundancy in the following types of phrases frequently used by Chinese English writers.
16. Certain words demand that the noun they modify is plural. These include different, various, and number words.

17. Never begin an English sentence with abbreviations and Arabic numerals such as Fig. and 8. Instead write Figure and Eight.

18. Do not write ‘by this way’. Instead write ‘by doing this’, or ‘using this method’.

19. Never write ‘How to…’ at the beginning of a sentence. (Don’t say it ither.)

No How to find the optimal parameter is the main objective.
Yes Determining how to find the optimal parameter is the main objective.

20. Do write ‘the results are shown in Figure 2’. Do not write ‘the results are showed as Figure 2’.

21. Italicize variables appearing in the text to differentiate them from words. This is especially important when the variables are English alphabets.

Write ‘The graph shows t, a, and C as a function of time’.

Do not write ‘The graph shows t, a, and C as a function of time’.

22. Refrain (克制) from using the word obviously in a technical paper in the following way

No  Obviously, detecting regimes by means of PMH maps is a novel method.

Yes  Detecting regimes by means of PMH maps is a novel method.

23. International papers should not use location dependant terms such as ‘at home’, ‘abroad’, ‘here’, ‘our country’ because the reader most likely is not Chinese and not in China. Instead, write ‘in China’.

24. Avoid overusing the phrases ‘that is to say’ and ‘namely’. Instead, try to convey your meaning in one sentence.

25. Do not use ‘too’ at the end of a written sentence, especially in a technical paper.